I'm Cellular

Femtocell Innovation (Future Features)

It’s just a radio, right?!?

Actually, Femtocells are evolving quickly (even before they have been significantly deployed) to incorporate several categories of features. It reflects the hectic pace of competition and innovation in this space that will redefine how radio networks are deployed by operators … and how service is delivered to you and me. I’ve listed the features in the order that I anticipate that they will appear in the market (in chronological order):

Greater Efficiency
Initial deployments are using a (a) simple method of raw concentration using old switching technology (pre-Release 6 MSC) that will soon be superseded by a (b) more efficient method that concentrates only SIP signaling into modern softswitches (3GPP Release 6 “MSC Server”), not the bearer traffic. Predictably, he initial deployments will be simple and cost-effective, but the more efficient solutions will drastically increase the efficiency in the Operator’s network and therefore the cost savings. The GSM world is deploying the simple solution first, whereas the CDMA world is moving ahead quickly to deliver the SIP- and softswitch-based solution.

Self-Configuration
Millions of these devices will be deployed, so they had better be simple to install and configure. In fact, they need to be self-configuring. Currently, we’ve just got past the hurdle that Operators were concerned about the Femtocells interfering with existing macrocells. Self-configuration takes a much greater step, and ensures that the Femtocell automatically reflects the (changing) radio engineering of the network (neighbor cells, frequencies, handoffs permitted, handoffs not permitted, etc.). Like any access device, the Femtocell will grow up to incorporate a dynamic set of service policies. 

Applications
Many Home Zone apps are being considered and are most efficiently provided using the advanced, SIP/IMS approach (see Efficiency). ”Operators in the US and Korea believe they will be moving to this second stage as early as late 2009, especially as the femtocell sector is now convincingly addressing the main operator fear about the technology, potential interference with other femtos and with macrocells.” reports Rethinking Wireless. Ubiquisys, in particular, has taken a leadership position in this area by developing its web-based services architecture, and has encouraged a growing eco-system of internet application partners through its association with the MIT’s Entrepreneurship Lab. 

Wireline Service, too
While you’re in the neighborhood, why not deliver wireline service, too, and pick up the $40/month revenue currently paid to the wireline provider? That’s the converged solution offered by T-Mobile (in their competing, UMA service, @Home) and other service providers (for more on the difference between UMA and Femto, see this post that compares Sprint’s Femto service vs. T-Mobile’s UMA service). It’s inexpensive to add to the Femtocell an ATA connection that provides wireline service. Customers in developed markets (US, Japan, Western Europe) will like this option, since they may be reluctant to “cut the cord” and this option allows them to continue using their corded phones in their home (how quaint!). Emerging markets could care less for this option: once you have your own, personal phone, why would you desire one that is tethered and connected to a wall? 

Capacity
In addition to Homes, Operators also seek a Femtocell solution for Enterprise locations–that will require a far greater capacity that for a residence. Although the initial Femtocell deployments are in the residence, the same benefits can be delivered to work locations. Huawei is already bringing such a product to market (in their uBro Enterprise AP that supports 16 simultaneous voice calls–4x the capacity of all other Femtocells that are targeted for the Home). This trend is called a “Super Femtocell” and it blurs the lines of what is currently considered a Femtocell vs. a Picocell. Linquistically, Femtocells might be considered to be smaller, but the real trend here is to bring the benefits of current Femtocells into locations that would have currently been served by Picocells (enterprise floor, building lobby, mall), where a lot of traffic needs to be served. 

Simplified Installation
Slightly different installation requirements exist for a residence unit vs. one that sits in a building lobby. Power over Ethernet (PoE) will be very attractive for enterprise deployments, allowing the Femtocell to be attached to the wall and brought into service with a single, Ethernet connection (borrowing a page from current, enterprise-grade, Wi-Fi gateways, such as Cisco’s Aironet product). Presto!

Home Network Gateway
Some operators are thinking that the Femtocell can be the center of a Home Network, including options such as Storage (Content cached for delivery, or for backup) and Wireless Networking (e.g., connecting to other devices using Wi-Fi). Cable providers (and other ISPs) like the Home Networking Gateway option, in order to deliver a complete, converged solution for a diverse set of client devices, as they are ISPs and are device agnostic. AT&T has been heard to specifically favor the Home Content Server option. John Stankey, President of Operations, commented that the product could be combined with a Wi-Fi gateway to develop “a media device that is used for storing content or distributing content. We would like to get to a gateway device that optimizes the home network” [as reported by FierceBroadbandWireless]. According to Airvana’s business development VP Paul Callahan, at least 90 percent of femtocell access points in four to five years will be integrated gateways. ”That’s how we see the market and we’re seeing customer demand for that,” he adds. reports Unstrung.

Find and Fix Cellular Coverage Holes

Common problem: Considering changing cell phone companies, but you’re unsure of the coverage?

Solution: Check out the coverage at this web site
                   … or get your own, In-Home, Base Station (Femtocell)
                        possibly for Free (more here)

Poor coverage info is shared and available at Dead Cell Zones (http://www.deadcellzones.com/), where you can identify coverage holes for all North American carriers. What a great resource! If you are considering changing cell phone companies, you can go here and find out if there are coverage gaps that have been reported in your neighborhood, your drive to work, etc. Naturally, you can also check the mobile operator’s web site for their coverage map, but not all operators provide this data and they may be subjective or optimistic in their coverage maps. This site offers an unbiased report based on thousands and thousands of reports collected monthly. Share your coverage gaps with other consumers at www.deadcellzones.com!

So check for coverage at the Operator’s site (see below) and check for coverage holes at Dead Cell Zones.

Cellular Coverage Gaps: www.deadcellzones.com/

Cellular Coverage Maps:

T-Mobile coverage:                www.t-mobile.com/coverage/

Verizon Wireless coverage:    www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/CoverageLocatorController

AT&T Mobility coverage:       www.wireless.att.com/coverageviewer

Sprint Nextel coverage:         coverage.sprint.com/IMPACT.jsp?language=EN

Fire Sale on In-Home Repeaters (Make Room for Femtocells!)

Seen the fire sale on in-home repeaters?

Make way for in-home Femtocells!!

My, how things change quickly! This (in-office repeater) product won awards from the CTIA and CNET last year for best “Emerging Technology” … and one year later, it’s virtually obsolete, with the arrival this year of in-home Femtocells, with more deployments apparently coming soon from major players (AT&T, Verizon).

Summary: It’s tough to beat having your own cell site. (Just ask John McCain)

Poor coverage? Sprint offers free Femtocells

Sprint is using the latest technology to provide old-fashioned value: satisfying your existing, valued customers. Sprint customers that are experiencing poor coverage can receive an in-building solution: their new AIRAVE femtocell, according to a recent New York Times article. “Kevin Packingham, a Sprint senior vice president, said the company is also giving the devices away and waiving the $5 monthly fee to customers who complain about poor coverage at home.” However, free, in-building coverage will only be provided after Sprint verifies that you’ve experienced dropped calls. For more on the Sprint femtocell, please see this earlier post that compares Sprint’s AIRAVE to T-Mobile’s @Home service.

Nice move by Sprint to retain their customer base in a way that is fairly likely to retain the subscriber. The benefit is only for subscribers that continue to use Sprint service, since the Femtocell will only deliver a boost for a Sprint phone on Sprint’s cellular frequencies. 

Perhaps other carriers will use femtocells in a similar manner, as the article also notes that almost 20 percent of the wireless calls in North America and Europe have unacceptable voice quality [Ditech Networks] undoubtedly many in-building, due to reduced signal strength.

Update: Poor coverage info is shared and available at Dead Cell Zones (http://www.deadcellzones.com/), where you can identify coverage holes for all North American carriers. What a great resource! If you are considering changing cell phone companies, you can go here and find out if there are coverage gaps that have been reported in your neighborhood, your drive to work, etc. Naturally, you can also check the mobile operator’s web site for their coverage map, but not all provide this data and they may be subjective or optimistic in their coverage maps. This site offers an unbiased report based on thousands and thousands of reports collected monthly. Share your coverage gaps with other consumers at www.deadcellzones.com!

Femtocell: Hurdles to Success

ip.access Oyster (3G GSM Femtocell)

Femtocells are a big, long-term winner if vendors can deliver a solution that is technically and operationally simple for the operator to deliver and maintain. The opportunity is big, since operators spend a large percentage of their capital budget on base stations, and if Femto is successful, it could replace the existing macro network architecture: an opportunity of hundreds of billions of dollars. This opportunity is long-term because there are significant hurdles that the vendors must overcome, which will not occur overnight. For a Femto vendor to really succeed, they must provide a solution that integrates with the operator’s existing infrastructure. This is not trivial, as it will require that the consumer-deployed device meet many requirements for the operator (Update: I see that ABI Research makes this same point in their ongoing Femtocell research here and here). The analogy (made by The Economist) of Femtocells to PCs is apt: consider the difficulty that an IT department has in managing thousands of PCs vs. a few mainframes. Did that revolution occur overnight? This is one of the major hurdles that Femtocells have to overcome.

Who Can Succeed? Cisco Looks Good
Femtocells looks like a great, long-term opportunity for Cisco (Linksys), in particular. They can readily obtain the radio and chipset technology (they recently acquired a strong interest in Femtocell vendor ip.access), have demonstrated the ability to make the solution consumer-friendly, and can leverage their strength in managing a large network of devices (think large Aironet Wi-Fi networks and Navini Networks WiMax deployments) and their strength in Software-Defined Radio (SDR). The future of Femto could look a lot like the evolution of Enterprise Wi-Fi (proprietary solutions, standardization enabling mix-and-match of best-in-class components, simple and powerful network management solutions, and consolidation). The snag here is that this is not a greenfield deployment: Femto must operate in synch with the Operator’s existing macrocells, which creates additional complexity in RF Engineering and Maintenance (e.g., updates), in particular. It will be a challenge for a Femto operator to work with the existing infrastructure, but they may succeed by adapting to it (hence the utility of SDR), which would make the Femto solution more flexible (and valuable) than the existing macro solution. (I can relate to these difficulties, as I pioneered the use of a mix and match infrastructure in the CDMA world while at Qwest Wireless. Although this allowed us the choice of best-in-class price and performance from all base station vendors, our Engineering and Operations teams had to manage a network with a mixture of base stations from multiple vendors).

Femtocells Deployments Will Require Sophisticated Network Management (Shown: Cisco Wireless Control System Navigator)

Other companies could deliver an excellent product, but I think that Cisco has the right mix to win here. I expect that success will most likely come from a vendor outside of the mobile space, instead on inside it (and having to reinvent themselves). Further, many challenging aspects require skill in delivering a consumer product (in massive volumes) instead of big gear that sits in an enclosure. Some mobile network vendors are already placing bets to get in on the action by investing in femtocell start-ups (Motorola and QUALCOMM have invested in ip.access, for example).

High Ground Belongs to Incumbents
As with other major changes in technology, the incumbents have the high ground, but the start-ups have the innovative technology. It’s up to the incumbent to recognize the change, reinvent themselves (the really hard part) to the detriment of their existing products, often acquiring the start-up companies. The major network vendors did just this with VoIP, and I expect them to do it with Femtocells. The network equipment providers have major advantages that will allow them to best serve the customer: embedded systems, ability to integrate the new with the old, cash flow, customer relationships, and more. So the new vendor is severely disadvantaged, and may be forced to work with an incumbent to deliver the goods.

Opportunity: Huge Savings for Operators. Needed (note that Operators will be increasingly squeezed, as Data Use Explodes, but not Data Revenues, discussed here). We saved over 50% on CAPEX just from the ability to create competition and select the best product (in our industry-leading implementation in 2000), so I anticipate at least this level of cost reduction, if not a lot more, due to the scale (just as in millions of consumer devices, such as DSL models and wireless routers). Winners in the vendor space would include ip.access, RadioFrame, Ubiquisys, and losers would include Nokia Siemens Networks, Ericsson, and Alcatel-Lucent (unless they acquire and deploy these as well, which they probably will).

Forecast: Already … I don’t even have to say this, do I, as there is always someone who think that there is a great growth in this or that product. But one can always weigh the value of the opinion based on your trust in the source, right? Well, anyway … some analysts are already predicting a huge market for femtocells: a recent report from IDATE forecasts that 10 million UMTS femtocells will ship worldwide in 2010, rising to 18 million in 2011 (approx. $3 B revenues in 2011).

For reasons that I’ve stated, I doubt that Femtocells will catch on that fast. Supporting my perspective on the immaturity of Femtocells, a major operator voiced similar concerns about the viability of Femtocell technology: SFR (44% owned by Vodafone) stated that the lack of a standard will slow the deployment of Femtocells. [Femtocell Europe 2008 conference, October 2008] This represents the latest opinion from a major Operator group that has all of the facts collected during a recent Femtocell RFP assessment.

The race starts now, as major operators are trialing Femtocells (lots of announcements reported here, on the ip.access Blog). Although some will have limited deployments in 2009, the real success will come only over time, as operators become pleased with the simplicity of the solution.